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The Percy family is an old . They were among the oldest and most powerful noble families in for much of the . The noble family is known for its long rivalry with the House of Neville, another family powerful in northern England during the 15th century. The feud between the two families, known as the Percy-Neville feud led to the Wars of the Roses, at the time known as the Civil Wars, in England.

The House of Percy descends from William de Percy (d. 1096), a Norman who crossed to England after William the Conqueror in early December 1067. William de Percy was created as the 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire.Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p.148 He was rebuilding in 1070.

The Percy surname derives from the of in Normandy, the home of the Percy family at the time of the .

(2025). 9781842124857, Phoenix. .
Family members have held the titles of Earl of Northumberland or Duke of Northumberland to this day, in addition to and others.

The Percy surname twice died out in the male line only to be re-adopted later by the husband or son of a Percy heiress. In the 12th century, the original Percy line was represented by Agnes de Percy, whose son by her husband Joscelin of Louvain adopted the surname. Again in the 18th century, the heiress Elizabeth Seymour married Sir Hugh Smithson, who adopted the surname Percy and was created Duke of Northumberland.

(2025). 9781842124857, Phoenix. .

Earls of Northumberland
Dukes of Northumberland
Recurring names
Recurring names in the Percy genealogy include:
  • Henry (first borne by the 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe and his 10 immediate successors, including the 1st Earl and Harry Hotspur)
  • Hugh (first borne by the 1st Duke)
  • Joscelin/Josceline (first borne by Joscelin of Louvain)
  • Algernon (first borne by the 1st Baron as a nickname: Aux Gernons or "with moustaches").

Prominent members
Prominent members of the family include:
  • (d. 1096), 1st feudal baron of Topcliffe, Yorkshire, nicknamed "Aux Gernons" ("with moustaches"), a Norman who emigrated to England at the time of the Conquest
  • Alan de Percy, 2nd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. circa 1130–5)
  • William II de Percy, 3rd feudal baron of Topcliffe (d. 1174–5), who left two daughters Maud and Agnes as co-heiresses.Sanders
  • Agnes de Percy (1134–1205), married Joscelin of Louvain (d. 1180). He was a son of Godfrey I, Count of Louvain of the House of Louvain, ancestor of the Dukes of Brabant , House of Hesse, and so the ) either by his second wife, Clementia of Burgundy, or by a mistress (see Dukes of Brabant family tree). He was also brother-in-law to King Henry I, whose second wife was Joscelin's step-sister Adeliza of Louvain.
  • Richard de Percy (d. 1244), 5th feudal baron of Topcliffe, signatory to . Died childless. Succeeded his elder brother Henry de Percy (d. 1198), the 4th Baron Topcliffe, whose son William III de Percy (1197–1245) became Richard's heir.
  • William de Percy, (1197–1245), 6th feudal baron of Topcliffe
  • Henry de Percy, 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe (1228–1272)
  • Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick (1273–1314), 7th feudal baron of Topcliffe and 1st baron by writ.
  • Henry de Percy, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1299–1352)
    • Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (see below)
    • Thomas Percy (d. 1369), Bishop of Norwich
  • Henry de Percy, 3rd Baron Percy of Alnwick (1320–1368)
  • Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408) (forfeit 1405), helped Henry IV seize the throne, later rebelled against him
  • Henry Percy (1364/1366–1403), also called Harry Hotspur, helped Henry IV seize the throne but later rebelled against him, killed at the Battle of Shrewsbury
    • Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • Lady Elizabeth Percy (c. 1390 – 1437)
  • Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1394–1455), supporter of King Henry VI, killed at the beginning of the Wars of the Roses
    • Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • Thomas Percy, 1st Baron Egremont (1422–1460)
    • Katherine Percy, Countess of Kent (1423 – c. 1475)
    • (d. 1464), knight, Lancastrian supporter in the Wars of the Roses
    • William Percy (1428–1462), Bishop of Carlisle
  • Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland (1421–1461) (forfeit 1461), Lancastrian leader in the Wars of the Roses, killed at the Battle of Towton
    • Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • Margaret Percy (b. c. 1447)
  • Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland (1449–1489) (restored 1470), aligned with Yorkists, present but inactive at the Battle of Bosworth Field
    • Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Buckingham (1474–1530), daughter of the 4th Earl
    • (c. 1480 – 1560), son of the 4th Earl, English churchman and academic
    • Anne FitzAlan, Countess of Arundel (1485–1552), daughter of the 4th Earl
    • Thomas Percy (1560–1605), great-grandson of the 4th Earl, participated in the Gunpowder Plot
  • Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland (1478–1527)
    • Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland (1502–1537), betrothed to Anne Boleyn
    • Thomas Percy (c. 1504 – 1537), participated the Pilgrimage of Grace revolt
      • Blessed Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1528–1572) (forfeit 1571; restored 1572), led the Rising of the North
      • Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (see below)
  • Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland (1532–1585)
    • Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • George Percy (1580–1632), explorer, author, early governor of Virginia
  • Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632), known as "The Wizard Earl" for his intellectual pursuits, imprisoned after the Gunpowder Plot
    • Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Leicester (c. 1598 – 1659)
    • Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle (1599–1660)
    • Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland (see below)
    • Henry Percy, Baron Percy of Alnwick (d. 1659), royalist in the English Civil War
  • Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland (1602–1668), Lord High Admiral of England, later a Parliamentarian in the English Civil War
  • Joceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670), no male heirs, becomes the last male of direct Percy lineage to inherit the Earldom.
  • Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (1667–1722), only daughter and heiress of the 11th Earl
  • Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1684–1750), son of Elizabeth Seymour
  • Elizabeth Percy (née Seymour), Duchess of Northumberland, 2nd Baroness Percy (1716–1776), daughter and heiress of the 7th Duke of Somerset, married Sir Hugh Smithson (who adopted the name Percy)
  • Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (1714–1786), né Smithson
    • Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland (1742–1817), British army officer during the American Revolutionary War
      • Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland (1785–1847)
      • Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland (1792–1865)
    • Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830), second son of the 1st Duke
      • George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland (see below)
      • Algernon Percy (1779–1833), diplomat
      • Hugh Percy (1784–1856), bishop
      • Josceline Percy (1784–1856), Royal Navy officer
      • William Henry Percy (1788–1855), Royal Navy officer
  • George Percy, 2nd Earl of Beverley, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867), politician
    • Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (see below)
    • Lord Josceline Percy (1811–1881), politician
    • Lord Henry Percy (1817–1877), lieutenant-general in the British Army
  • Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899), politician
    • Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (see below)
    • Lord Algernon Percy (1851–1933), politician
  • Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918), politician
    • Henry Percy, Earl Percy (1871–1909), politician
    • Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (see below)
    • Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle (1887–1958), politician
  • Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930)
    • Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940), killed in World War II
    • Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (see below)
    • Elizabeth Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton and Brandon (1916–2008)
  • Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988)
    • Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995)
    • Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956)
      • Lady Katie Percy (b. 1982)
      • George Dominic Percy, Earl Percy (b. 1984)
      • Lady Melissa Jane Percy (b. 1987)
      • Lord Max Percy (b. 1990), husband of Princess Nora zu Oettingen-Spielberg

Family tree
part of this is taken from the article on the Duke of Northumberland

Origins of the Percies and Relation to House of Louvain/Brabant
The original de Perci family in England was continued by Joscelin of Louvain, a member of the , Dukes of Lower Lorraine and Brabant.

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Later Medieval and Early Modern Percies/Earls of Norrthumberland
This summary genealogical tree shows how the current house of Percy is derived from the later Medieval :



Modern House of Percy
This shows the descent of the present Percy family from the current creation of the 1st Duke of Northumberland:

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Coats of arms
Paternal arms of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (1273–1314): Azure, five fusils in fess or,Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.849, Duke of Northumberland("Percy ancient") which he abandoned in favour of right: Or, a lion rampant azure ("Percy modern"/Brabant)Howard de Walden, Lord, Some Feudal Lords and their Seals 1301, published 1904, p.43 Both arms were quartered by the Percy Earls of Northumberland and remain quartered by the present Duke of Northumberland

File:Percy arms.svg|Arms of original de Perci family File:Modern arms of Percy.svg|Arms of the Percy family descended from Joscelin de Louvain File:Sir Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, KG.png|Sir Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Percy-Lucy quartered.svg|Coat of arms of Percy and Lucy families quartered, arms of the Earls and Dukes of Northumberland. File:Percy Lucy (C).svg|Henry "Hotspur" Percy File:Coat of Arms of Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, KG.png|Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy, Knight of the Garter File:Coat of Arms of Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Arms of Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Henry Algernon Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Arms of Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Arms of Henry Percy, 5th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Arms of Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, KG File:Arms of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland.svg|Sir Algernon Percy, 10 Earl of Northumberland, KG File:SmithsonAncient.JPG|Arms of Smithson of Stanwick, Yorkshire (ancient): Argent, a chevron engrailed sable between three oak leaves erect slipped vertCollins' Baronetage of England; The old arms can be seen carved in wood impaling the arms of Fairfax ( A lion rampant) on the staircase of Moulton Hall, Richmond, York, made following the 1653 marriage of George Smithson. See image in: Smithson, George R., Genealogical notes memoirs of the Smithson family, London, 1906, plate between pp.24&25 [1] File:SmithsonAugmentedArms.JPG|Augmented arms of Smithson Baronets of Stanwick to Sir Hugh Smithson, 1st Baronet by King Charles II of England for loyalty: Or, on a chief embattled azure three suns properCollins, Arthur, The English Baronetage, vol.3, part 1; Victoria County History, Stanwick St John File:Smithson tomb chest, St John the Baptist church, Stanwick - geograph.org.uk - 2018824.jpg|Monument of Sir Hugh Smithson, 1st Baronet (d. 1670), St John the Baptist's Church, Stanwick, Yorks.Further reading: The Smithson Monuments at Stanwick, North Yorkshire by Bulter, L., published in Journal of the Church Monument Society Volume XV, 2000. 6pp, 4 b/w pls File:Arms of Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland.svg|Arms of Hugh (Smithson) Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland. File:Coat of Arms of the Duke of Northumberland.svg|Duke of Northumberland File:Coat of arms of the duke of Northumberland.png|Current duke of Northumberland

Buildings associated with the Percy family
File:Alnwick Castle 02.jpg| File:Warkworth Castle interior, 2007.jpg| File:Sheriff hutton castle.jpg|Sheriff Hutton Castle File:MiddlehamCJW.jpg| Wressle Castle.jpg|

  • Topcliffe Castle, Yorkshire, recorded in the of 1086 as held by William I de Percy (d. 1096), whom it served as the of the feudal barony of Topcliffe. The Percy family's most ancient English seat.
  • , Sussex, acquired by Joscelin of Louvain (d. 1180), husband of Agnes de Percy, one of the two daughters and co-heiresses of William II de Percy (d. 1174–5), feudal baron of Topcliffe in Yorkshire (grandson of William I de Percy (d. 1096)). Jocelin's younger son Richard "de Percy" (d. 1244) adopted the surname "de Percy" and inherited his father's estate of Petworth and a of his maternal barony of Topcliffe. Richard died without progeny when his estates descended to his nephew William III "de Percy" (1197–1245), grandson of Jocelin de Louvain, who had inherited the other moiety of Topcliffe from his great-aunt Maud de Percy.Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p.148, Topcliffe, Yorkshire
  • , Northumberland, purchased in 1309 by Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy (1273–1314) from Anthony Bek, of Durham.Sanders, I.J., English Baronies, Oxford, 1960, p.103, Alnwick, Northumberland
  • , Northumberland
  • Cockermouth Castle, Cumbria, inherited by Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408) and his heirs male, from his 2nd wife Maud de Lucy, sister and heiress of (d. 1368), on condition that they should bear the arms of Lucy ( Gules, three lucies hauriant argent) quarterly with their own.Daniel Lysons and Samuel Lysons, 'Cockermouth', in Magna Britannia: Volume 4, Cumberland (London, 1816), pp. 40-45 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/magna-britannia/vol4/pp40-45
  • , Cumbria, purchased in 1529 by Henry Percy, 15th Earl of Northumberland from Robert Radclyffe, 1st Earl of Sussex (1483–1542).
  • , Yorkshire.
  • , , Middlesex, the former , acquired in 1594 by Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632).

Following the death of his grandson Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset in 1750, the former Percy estates were split between the Smithson ("Percy", Duke of Northumberland) and Wyndham (Earl of Egremont) families

See also
  • Percy (surname)
  • Percy (given name)
  • Percy (disambiguation)

External links

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